Stop The Deforestation Essay Example For Students

Stop The Deforestation Essay This land is the place we realize where to discover all that it accommodates usfood from chasing and angling, and homesteads, building and device materials, meds. This land keeps us together inside its mountains; we come to comprehend that we are a couple of individuals or separate towns, yet one individuals having a place with a country (Colins 32). The country is the Upper Mazaruni District of Guyana, a locale in the Amazon downpour timberland where the Akawaio Indians make their home (32). The tremendous downpour timberland, regularly viewed as only a mass of trees and extraordinary species, is to numerous indigenous individuals a home. This house is being decimated as diggers, lumberjacks, and engineers move in on the way of life of these individuals to strip away their assets and entangle the tranquil, straightforward existences of these crude clans. We will compose a custom exposition on Stop The Deforestation explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now In any case, the clans are not by any means the only ones who lose in this situtation. On the off chance that downpour woods intrusion proceeds, humankind in general will lose a important fortune: the information on these individuals in using the assets what's more, plants of the woods for food, building, and medication. To forestall this misfortune, the legislatures of the nations lodging the downpour backwoods ought to give some assurance to the backwoods and its occupants through enactment, programs. Additionally, tree huggers should seek after teaching the clans in overseeing thier assets for businesslike, long haul benefit through preservation. Albeit difficult to accept, the natural issues of today begun quite a while before electricty was designed, before automobilies littered the thruways, and before enterprises dabbed the open country. From antiquated occasions to the Industrial Revolution, people started to change the face of the earth. As populaces expanded and innovation improved and extended, progressively critical and across the board issues emerged. Today, phenomenal requests on nature from a quickly growing human populace and from propelling innovation are causing a proceeding what's more, acelerating decrease in the nature of the earth and its capacity to continue life (Ehrlich 98). Expanding quantities of people are meddling with staying wild land-even in those regions once thought about generally sheltered from misuse. Tropical timberlands, particularly in southest Asia and the Amazon River Basin, are being demolished at a disturbing rate for wood, change to harvest and touching grounds, pine ranches, and settlements. As per analyst Howard Facklam, It was evaluated at one point in the 1980s that such woods lands were being cleared at the pace of 20 (about 50 sections of land) a moment; another gauge put the rate at more than 200,000 sq km (more than 78,000 sq mi) a year. In 1993, satellite information given the pace of deforestation could bring about the elimination of the same number of as 750,000 speices, which would mean the passing of a muliplicity of items: food, filaments, clinical drungs, colors, gums, and gums (53). So what sort of condition will the backwoods be in the year 2050? On the off chance that this pace of deforestation proceeds, there will be no tropical downpour woods in the year 2050. In this way, safeguarding need to happen currently all together stop the horrendous loss of the downpour backwoods and all that it can give. Downpour timberland annihilation has two destructive causes: lumberjacks and excavators. For instance, envision lumberjacks on pieces of machinery folding into the timberland, tearing down trees, yet the undetectable hindrance between the cutting edge, materialistic world and the quiet heaven under the backwoods overhang. Timberland local people revealed to Scholastic Update that .. .so much woodland has evaporated that the climate has changed deferring downpours and expanding heat. (Leo 19). Alongside the lumberjacks come excavators looking for the gold and other minerals found in the backwoods. The article My Trip to the Rain Forest focuses out that the waterways of the downpour woods become harmed by the mercury spilled in gold-mining. This opens the clans to illnesses which they have no resistance to, for example, jungle fever, tuberculsis, and this season's cold virus. The excavators too acquire viciousness, which has slaughtered more than 1,500 individuals from one clan in the Amazon. A large number of the clans leave their ancestoral homes to escape the clamor also, interruption of the excavators (Smith 66). Positively, these lumberjacks and excavators must not think about the territories they attack and wreck as a home. .ua6f54119eb23be5737733c5e67a94a25 , .ua6f54119eb23be5737733c5e67a94a25 .postImageUrl , .ua6f54119eb23be5737733c5e67a94a25 .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .ua6f54119eb23be5737733c5e67a94a25 , .ua6f54119eb23be5737733c5e67a94a25:hover , .ua6f54119eb23be5737733c5e67a94a25:visited , .ua6f54119eb23be5737733c5e67a94a25:active { border:0!important; } .ua6f54119eb23be5737733c5e67a94a25 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ua6f54119eb23be5737733c5e67a94a25 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ua6f54119eb23be5737733c5e67a94a25:active , .ua6f54119eb23be5737733c5e67a94a25:hover { murkiness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ua6f54119eb23be5737733c5e67a94a25 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .ua6f54119eb23be5737733c5e67a94a25 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-embellishment: underline; } .ua6f54119eb23be5737733c5e67a94a25 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ua6f54119eb23be5737733c5e67a94a25 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-beautification: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua6f54119eb23be5737733c5e67a94a25:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ua6f54119eb23be5737733c5 e67a94a25 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ua6f54119eb23be5737733c5e67a94a25-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ua6f54119eb23be5737733c5e67a94a25:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Why I enjoyed the film In and Out Essay Conseuently, attacking the downpour woods is the same than bullsdozers leveling out a suburb in the United States. The ways of life in downpour woods towns and American towns are immeasurably unique, yet the two offer one very significant comparability: in these settlements live individuals with minds, families, and emotions. Actually, there is an approach to restrain deforestation of the downpour woods: through woods protection. The . Stop The Deforestation Essay Example For Students Stop The Deforestation Essay This land is the place we realize where to discover all that it accommodates usfood from chasing and angling, and homesteads, building and device materials, medications. This land keeps us together inside its mountains; we come to comprehend that we are a couple of individuals or separate towns, yet one individuals having a place with a country (Colins 32). The country is the Upper Mazaruni District of Guyana, a locale in the Amazon downpour timberland where the Akawaio Indians make their home (32). The tremendous downpour timberland, frequently viewed as only a mass of trees and extraordinary species, is to numerous indigenous individuals a home. This house is being demolished as excavators, lumberjacks, and designers move in on the way of life of these individuals to strip away their assets and confuse the quiet, straightforward existences of these crude clans. We will compose a custom paper on Stop The Deforestation explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Nonetheless, the clans are by all account not the only ones who lose in this situtation. On the off chance that downpour woodland intrusion proceeds, humankind overall will lose a important fortune: the information on these individuals in using the assets what's more, plants of the woods for food, building, and medication. To forestall this misfortune, the legislatures of the nations lodging the downpour woods ought to give some insurance to the woods and its occupants through enactment, programs. Additionally, preservationists should seek after teaching the clans in overseeing thier assets for down to earth, long haul benefit through protection. Albeit difficult to accept, the ecological issues of today begun quite a while before electricty was designed, before automobilies littered the expressways, and before enterprises dabbed the open country. From old occasions to the Industrial Revolution, people started to change the face of the earth. As populaces expanded and innovation improved and extended, progressively huge and broad issues emerged. Today, extraordinary requests on the earth from a quickly extending human populace and from propelling innovation are causing a proceeding what's more, acelerating decrease in the nature of the earth and its capacity to support life (Ehrlich 98). Expanding quantities of people are interfering with staying wild land-even in those zones once thought about moderately protected from abuse. Tropical woodlands, particularly in southest Asia and the Amazon River Basin, are being decimated at a disturbing rate for lumber, transformation to yield and brushing lands, pine manors, and settlements. As per analyst Howard Facklam, It was evaluated at one point in the 1980s that such woods lands were being cleared at the pace of 20 (close

Sony Corporation :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Sony Corporation History: In January of 1958, the effectively notable and fruitful Japanese gadgets organization, Totsuko, embraced â€Å"Sony† as it’s new corporate name. This new name, â€Å"Sony†, was a unique brand name that was initially applied on Totsuko items. Despite the fact that Sony is notable for being an innovator in broad media gadgets and data innovation for shoppers at home, they additionally have contacted bigger organizations around the world. In 1978 they framed Sony Broadcast Ltd., which concentrated on giving communicate stations the best, quality items and administrations. This part of the Sony Corporation is still exceptionally fruitful today. Sony has proceeded to frame a synthetic company also, which can give doctors, specialists, and analysts with certain estimating and vital devices. Item Mix: Sony Corporation’s item blend is included various items focused towards a wide range of market fragments. Pretty much every Sony item however can be set under the class of â€Å"electronics†. They sell items and administrations all inclusive, for example, TVs, VCR’s, sound systems, PCs, memory gadgets, computer game frameworks, advanced and non-computerized cameras and camcorders, Lithium batteries, unique mark ID units, certain estimating hardware, and even break verification film for glass through their substance organization. Workforce: The workforce of the Sony Corporation is extremely huge. For the financial year that finished on March 31, 2001, it was evaluated that 181,800 all out individuals were utilized for the Sony Corporation. Of this aggregate, 23,000 representatives are as of now working in U.S. plants and workplaces. There are significant innovative work and building offices in the U.S. situated in California, New York, and Colorado with assembling offices being situated in similar areas notwithstanding Alabama, New Jersey, Texas, Oregon, and Indiana. Future Outlook: Today Sony is a main music organization, movie organization, TV creation organization, maker of game consoles, and creator of numerous new expert items, for example, VAIO PCs.

6 Simple Tips for Effective Team Management

6 Simple Tips for Effective Team Management Leading a team can be inspiring, rewarding and exhausting.  Busy working environments can leave little time for team leaders to check-in with team members and ensure they’re feeling happy, creative and on track. But with these 6 simple and effective team management tips, theres an alternative. How to Achieve Effective Team Management With good communication channels and plenty of opportunities to give feedback, you can provide your team with a strong support system. With this, team leaders can develop accountability, trust, and a less hierarchical approach. Here are our six tips for achieving a happier and more productive team via some supportive workflows: 1.  Be transparent Transparent working environments have been found to make teams more accountable, happy and creative. It sounds like a big claim but transparent environments help to develop a feeling of mutual respect between team members and team leaders. Via open and consistent communication, transparent and authentic workplaces help employees to feel secure in their positions. In turn, team members feel freer to contribute ideas and suggestions, enhancing creativity. Marc de Grandpre, senior VP of Marketing at KIND Healthy Snacks, believes that transparency in the workplace is hugely important. Marc explains  how they use transparency for effective team management at their company: “How can your company learn, grow and succeed if people are afraid to be themselves, voice their opinions and genuinely show that they care about the brand and team? Having the company become a sort of safe space allows for brilliant ideas to flow and for problems in your company to be flagged and addressed head-on.” Marc and his team aim to make all employees feel in the loop, respected and valued. Consequently, they found that each team member felt happier in their job, while also more creative and loyal. Intuitive task management Using transparent tools James Hannam, team management consultant, agrees that transparency is a cornerstone to high-functioning teams. James explains that on his projects, teams use MeisterTask to achieve effective team and project management. They do this by providing team members with an overview of projects and responsibilities, via their shared Project Boards: If all of your team members can have a high-level of visibility over the project, while also understanding the part they are playing at any given time, you will foster a sense of responsibility, creating accountability among team members. Each task within each Project is assigned to a specific team member, making everyones responsibilities clear. This also enables team members to understand the role they’re playing within the bigger picture. With all tasks and responsibilities displayed transparently, team leaders can take a less hands-on approach, knowing each task will be seen through by the assigned person. 2. Keep communicating You must have heard this one before: the basis of a cooperative and  productive team is good communication. The aim is to create an environment in which team leaders feel able to provide honest and constructive feedback, and team members feel confident to voice concerns and communicate with one another. For teams with members working remotely,  Google Hangouts can provide an ideal way to ensure some face-to-face time is achieved. If your distributed team is working across time zones and you’d like to set up a standing appointment for calls, it’s important to find a time which works for everyone involved. By not always holding calls at inconvenient times for the remote team member, they’ll be more open (and awake) to honestly and accurately communicate with you. Try a chat channel, like Slack Another great communication tool is  Slack. Lots of companies are already using Slack, as  regardless of whether your team is working remotely or all in one office, it’s a great way to cut down on emails and build a positive and friendly working culture. At MeisterLabs we have a ‘stand up’ Slack channel, where everyone begins their day by sharing what they’ll be working on. This helps to prevent siphoning between teams and gives managers a good idea about what everyones focus for will be. It also allows team members to jump in and offer support when useful. Agile team management made simple 3. Provide valuable feedback Providing feedback to team members is one of the best ways you can support them to develop professionally and personally. Jean-François Manzoni, Professor of Leadership and Organizational Development at IMD International, explains: “You do your star a disservice if you fail to help her figure out how she can continue to grow” Even if you have no negative feedback to give, make sure to hold regular opportunities to check-in. This way, you can provide advice on how you feel your team members are progressing and could grow further. If there are any areas of work that you feel could be improved, these discussions also provide a good opportunity to share your constructive feedback. Feedback can be difficult but it is an essential part of effective team management. When summarizing her advice on how to give effective feedback, Belle Beth Cooper said: If you’re finding a conversation difficult or nerve-wracking, remember that your aim in providing feedback is to help your team members succeed and grow. So although feedback conversations can be difficult, especially in non-hierarchical organizations, they’re important and necessary for the development of team members and the success of your wider team. 4. Encourage collaboration Inevitably, your team members will be happier if they can get along well with one another. As an added bonus, they’ll perform better too. To achieve this, encourage your team members to collaborate. On your team, there will likely be a whole bunch of diverse skills. Make sure these different skillsets are utilized by ensuring everyone is aware of ongoing projects. That way, team members can jump in to collaborate wherever they feel they can bring value. On our marketing team, for example, I’ll often draw on support from the SEO specialist while creating the content strategy. Equally, if I know the SEO specialist is coming up with text for a PPC campaign, I’ll offer to help. A collaborative task management tool can help this process by sharing the upcoming tasks for each team member with the rest of your team. Use Google Drive Collaboration has  been found to increase creativity, so tools like Google Drive, which allow for real-time updates on shared documents as you work, are ideal. In our marketing team, we use the Google Docs upload feature within MeisterTask to share documents via the relevant task. This means that were always working on the most up-to-date version of the document, as other team members are able to edit it in real-time. We then use the commenting feature on each task to leave relevant feedback, questions or updates on how the task is developing. Try mapping out your ideas For a less linear take on collaborative working, try using a collaborative online mind map. With MindMeister, multiple users are able to access mind maps at the same time, meaning team members can add their ideas, provide feedback or vote up or down on ideas. This can all be done in real-time, whether brainstorming in a meeting together, or working entirely remotely. Generating ideas collaboratively while mind mapping has been found to boost creative thinking, as it integrates both the linear, convergent (left-brain) thinking with divergent, non-linear (right-brain) thinking. This engages the whole mind in processing and creating new information, using our visual, spatial and kinesthetic senses to come up with new ideas, increasing our creativity. 5. Trust your team to do their job When I asked Michael Hollauf, MeisterLabs’ CEO, what his advice would be to other team leaders, he said it would be to always recognize when to delegate tasks. Companies hire competent staff for a reason and effective team management shouldnt mean micro-management. If youve hired staff for a specialist area like programming,  you need to know when to just leave them  to do their job. Delegate tasks while staying in the loop Sometimes it can be hard to let go. Especially if you’ve been working on a project for a while but need a team member to take it over. , try using the Watching feature, where you can add yourself as a watcher. Becoming a watcher allows you to remain in the loop with how the task is progressing and any related discussions. Michael Kranner, MeisterLabs’ Growth Marketer,  explains how this function helps him to run the Growth team here at MeisterLabs efficiently: at every stage, the experiment task is assigned to one specific personOther team members can “watch” the task’s progression, keeping everyone in the loop with how the experiment is developing… As experiments develop we move the tasks between the sections. All team members “watching” the experiment are notified about the move. By allowing watchers to keep an eye on progression, the feature allows team leaders to entrust team members to get on with  their tasks or projects alone while feeling able to jump in to query or help where useful. Retain an overview of team and project progress In MeisterTask, team members can gain a clear overview of team and task progression via the Statistics Reports area. Featuring graphs on task creation and completion, team productivity can be viewed transparently and reports can be downloaded as CSV files if needed. Teams can also choose to time-track their tasks to gain even further insight into how long projects are taking. Effective task management 6. Prevent team burn-out As a team leader, you’re in a great position to set positive boundaries of work, play, and relaxation. In her article on managing work notifications,  Belle Beth Cooper argues that it is the responsibility of employers to set the precedent about when and where team members should be switching off from work entirely. This could mean, for example, by not expecting team members to check emails after working hours. Of course, this can be difficult. Particularly in teams where members work flexibly and might prefer to start early or work late, to save time elsewhere. However, encouraging team members to set themselves some working limits, to sleep well and avoid burn-out, is important. and Slack, our main communication channels at MeisterLabs, you can choose which notifications to receive. For example, I’ll only receive a push Slack notification on my laptop if I’ve been mentioned or been sent a direct message. Similarly, as Belle Beth Cooper suggests, team members can try setting their phones to do not disturb  mode when finishing for the night, so they’re able to switch off, relax and rejuvenate. Agile project management, made simple. So those are our 6 tips for mastering effective team management through some productive and supportive workflows. However, every organization is different, so it would be great to hear your thoughts and experiences in the comments below!

Benedick’s Change of Heart by the End of Act 2 Scene 3 of...

Benedick’s Change of Heart by the End of Act 2 Scene 3 of William Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing ‘Much ado about nothing’ is one of William Shakespeare’s popular comedy plays. With regards to the title of the play, the word ‘nothing’ in the title suggests it links with how characters in the play create so much bother about nothing. Speculation has occurred among people over the word ‘nothing’ in the play’s title. The word ‘nothing’ has a double meaning. Noting and nothing sounded identical in Shakespeare’s time. ‘Noting’ and ‘nothing’ is spoken a lot of in the play. ‘Noting’ (observing, overhearing) in the play may refer to the importance of how characters perceive one another and how†¦show more content†¦several characters within the play help convince everyone Hero is dead to prove she was not unfaithful. During the time in which this play was written men dominated society. Men were in superior to women and believed a wife should submit to her husband. The play would have been acted out by men and it was not until the 19th century that women had a role in theatre. Women were property to be bought by men or used as prostitutes. Women did not speak up; any that did were branded a shrew and needed taming. Virginity was a virtue, therefore it was demanded a bride should be a virgin and once a wife, should be faithful. Shakespeare explores these men’s attitudes to the place of women in society and incorporates his own opinions on the matter throughout the play. Performances of the play would have been held at the Globe Theatre in London. Performances would be entertainment for the public and may have lasted for up to three hours so therefore it was important for music to be played at intervals and parts of the play was spoken in prose. Different class of people would have visited the theatre, ranging from the poor that would watch from the ‘yard’ at the front of the stage, to the rich that would make them selves seen by sitting directly above the stage. In regards to the essay question I will be looking at how the views of theShow MoreRelatedMuch to Do with Deception2356 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"Much To Do With Deception† A Critical Research Paper about William Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing Much Ado About Nothing, written by William Shakespeare, is a dramatic production that uses the tools of deception and humor under the category of comedy. As defined by Paul N. Siegel, â€Å"A comic play is usually accepted to be a light-hearted play with a happy conclusion.† Yet, Shakespearian tragic plays often use deception as a method to damage the role of the hero. In other Shakespearian tragediesRead MoreAcknowledging Female Stereotypes in Much Ado About Nothing1653 Words   |  7 PagesAcknowledging Female Stereotypes in Much Ado About Nothing Women in the Elizabethan age were extremely repressed and discriminated against. Most would not have gone to school or received any type of formal education. They were not allowed to vote, own property, or freely voice their opinions. They were seen as the property of a man, subject to his wants, needs, and not allowed to have their own; men held extremely stereotypical views of their female counterparts that helped them justify the wayRead MoreLove in Much Ado About Nothing by William Shakespeare Essay2260 Words   |  10 PagesLove in Much Ado About Nothing by William Shakespeare Shakespeare is well known for presenting the full repertoire of human emotions, and love is no exception. Much Ado About Nothing is unquestionably a play about love. Shakespeare provides the audience with a whole gamut of lovers from the banal Claudio and Hero to the rebellious Beatrice and Benedick. It is this range which allows Shakespeare to critique the conventions and perceptions within his renaissance societyRead MoreMuch Ado About Nothing By William Shakespeare2685 Words   |  11 PagesMuch Ado about Nothing is a humorous play by William Shakespeare set in the city of Messina located in southern Italy. The acts have two main locations; Leonato’s house and his orchard. The others were sidelines; the church and the street where Dogberry and Verges discovered the villainy. Many scenes take place inside the several rooms of Leonato’s house, including scene 4 of Act 3. The main emergence of Benedick and Beatrice’s love story takes place in the orchard, without which the play is incomplete

Argumentative Essay Topics Smartphones Reviews & Tips

Argumentative Essay Topics Smartphones Reviews & Tips The thesis statement also needs to be restated in conclusion. Any very good task finishes with a terrific conclusion and the very best examples of the argumentative essay will arrive in with a conclusion which has an overview of all of the points together with a gist of the evidences provided. Therefore, the topic ought to be debatable! Once it has been decided, it is essential to develop an argument surrounding the same. Smartphone is getting more and more popular nowadays since it is user-friendly design and has convenient multi-function. With the expanding speed of technological advancement, Smart phones have come to be the critical elements of our everyday performance. Because most smart phones possess the applications notepad, calendar, and several more. The QWERTY keypad smart phones are simple to use and recommended while the user has to always type a great deal. Despite the fact that the notion of Smartphone's is great and has quite a few advantages it does have a couple downfalls. Today smart phones carry all the characteristics of digital devices in addition to a frequent phone features. Business was made easier by means of smart phones. The reader needs to be impressed by how you defend your ideas. There need to get set rules on what you could do while using your smartphone. Thus, it's important to read corresponding formatting guide. Amazon is among the very best website where we can buy about anything that is necessary in our routine life and in addition, they offer free home delivery of whatever you purchase online. You need to create a topic your readers can easily identify with. To choose which subject you're likely to discuss, it's essential to see the complete collection of good persuasive speech topics from the specific area of study. Our crew of professional writers with the crucial experience and writing skills is always prepared to fulfill your demands and exceed your expectations. If you think that you will need assistance with your written assignments it is preferable to request skilled help from online writing service. One particular important and appropriate subject is technology. The Argumentative Essay Topics Smartphones Cover Up You can't control anybody's opinion, and everyone is eligible to make their own choices, even if it has to do with smoking. It's possible to support a specific idea when criticizing different facets but let the reader decide. Settle on which side of the argument you're likely to be on within the introductive part of your essay. For instance, you can write about something that personally affects you or somebody you know. The Importance of Argumentative Essay Topics Smartphones Thus, for your coursework, you're want to have the very best ideas. A wonderful topic that you may pick for your argumentative essay is Students ought to be permitted to use mobile phones in schools. There's a probability a student is going to be kidnapped as a result of the increasing danger that student are exposed nowadays on the problem of child-kidnapping. It is possible to ask your teacher for approval if you're not certain which topic is more interesting. With our essay writing experts, you're guaranteed of a paper which helps you to find out more about the devices and their benefits in the current society. Then consider the influence it can cause for study or give a few examples of failure. The modern society has embraced mobile phones in a large way but it has arrived at a price tag. Relevant Topics that are related to your society will engage the reader in the very best possible way. Top Choices o f Argumentative Essay Topics Smartphones Introduction Your introduction ought to be compelling. Writing practice shouldn't be boring! Choosing topics for argumentative essays is crucial for your general success. They are some of the best you can write as a student. Writing an argumentative essay can at times be confusing as you don't necessarily understand how to compose a convincing argument. Writing a persuasive, argumentative essay can be challenging, and at times it can find a little confusing. The negative effects of smartphones on children is particularly disturbing. Using smartphones is now an inalienable part of routine life of people of virtually all ages globally. Despite that, it can be useful for parents to contact their children to ensure their safety or vice versa. As an example, smartphones can function as calculators and can help anybody who is taking a math class.

Fresh Water Free Essays

Water resources are sources of water that are useful or potentially useful to humans. Uses of water include agricultural, industrial, household, recreational and environmental activities. Virtually all of these human uses require fresh water. We will write a custom essay sample on Fresh Water or any similar topic only for you Order Now 97% of water on the Earth is salt water, and only 3% is fresh water of which slightly over two thirds is frozen in glaciers and polar ice caps. [1] The remaining unfrozen freshwater is mainly found as groundwater, with only a small fraction present above ground or in the air. 2] Fresh water is a renewable resource, yet the world’s supply of clean, fresh water is steadily decreasing. Water demand already exceeds supply in many parts of the world and as the world population continues to rise, so too does the water demand. Awareness of the global importance of preserving water for ecosystem services has only recently emerged as, during the 20th century, more than half the world’s wetlands have been lost along with their valuable environmental services.Biodiversity-rich freshwater ecosystems are currently declining faster than marine or land ecosystems. [3] The framework for allocating water resources to water users (where such a framework exists) is known as water rights. [pic] [pic] A graphical distribution of the locations of water on Earth. |Contents | |[hide] | |1 Sources of fresh water | |1. Surface water | |1. 2 Under river flow | |1. 3 Ground water | |1. 4 Desalination | |1. 5 Frozen water | |2 Uses of fresh water | |2. 1 Agricultural | |2. Industrial | |2. 3 Household | |2. 4 Recreation | |2. 5 Environmental | |3 Water stress | |3. 1 Population growth | |3. 2 Expansion of business activity | |3. Rapid urbanization | |3. 4 Climate change | |3. 5 Depletion of aquifers | |3. 6 Pollution and water protection | |3. 7 Water and conflict | |4 World water supply and distribution | |5 Economic considerations | |5. Business response | |6 See also | |7 Further reading | |8 Notes | |9 References | |10 External links | [pic][edit] Sources of fresh water [edit] Surface water Main article: Surface water [pic] [pic]Lake Chungara and Parinacota volcano in northern Chile Surface water is water in a river, lake or fresh water wetland. Surface water is naturally replenished by precipitation and naturally lost through discharge to the oceans, evaporation, and sub-surface seepage. Although the only natural input to any surface water system is precipitation within its watershed, the total quantity of water in that system at any given time is also dependent on many other factors. These factors include storage capacity in lakes, wetlands and artificial reservoirs, the permeability of the soil eneath these storage bodies, the runoff characteristi cs of the land in the watershed, the timing of the precipitation and local evaporation rates. All of these factors also affect the proportions of water lost. Human activities can have a large and sometimes devastating impact on these factors. Humans often increase storage capacity by constructing reservoirs and decrease it by draining wetlands. Humans often increase runoff quantities and velocities by paving areas and channelizing stream flow. The total quantity of water available at any given time is an important consideration.Some human water users have an intermittent need for water. For example, many farms require large quantities of water in the spring, and no water at all in the winter. To supply such a farm with water, a surface water system may require a large storage capacity to collect water throughout the year and release it in a short period of time. Other users have a continuous need for water, such as a power plant that requires water for cooling. To supply such a power plant with water, a surface water system only needs enough storage capacity to fill in when average stream flow is below the power plant’s need.Nevertheless, over the long term the average rate of precipitation within a watershed is the upper bound for average consumption of natural surface water from that watershed. Natural surface water can be augmented by importing surface water from another watershed through a canal or pipeline. It can also be artificially augmented from any of the other sources listed here, however in practice the quantities are negligible. Humans can also cause surface water to be â€Å"lost† (i. e. become unusable) through pollution. Brazil is the country estimated to have the largest supply of fresh water in the world, followed by Russia and Canada. 4] [edit] Under river flow Throughout the course of the river, the total volume of water transported downstream will often be a combination of the visible free water flow together with a substantial contribution flowing through sub-surface rocks and gravels that underlie the river and its floodplain called the hyporheic zone. For many rivers in large valleys, this unseen component of flow may greatly exceed the visible flow. The hyporheic zone often forms a dynamic interface between surface water and true ground-water receiving water from he ground water when aquifers are fully charged and contributing water to ground-water when ground waters are depleted. This is especially significant in karst areas where pot-holes and underground rivers are common. [edit] Ground water Main article: Groundwater [pic] [pic] Sub-Surface water travel time [pic] [pic] Shipot, a common water source in Ukrainian villages Sub-surface water, or groundwater, is fresh water located in the pore space of soil and rocks. It is also water that is flowing within aquifers below the water table.Sometimes it is useful to make a distinction between sub-surface water that is closely associated with surface water and deep sub-surface water in an aquifer (sometimes called â€Å"fossil water†). Sub-surface water can be thought of in the same terms as surface water: inputs, outputs and storage. The critical difference is that due to its slow rate of turnover, sub-surface water storage is generally much larger compared to inputs than it is for surface water. This difference makes it easy for humans to use sub-surface water unsustainably for a long time without severe consequences.Nevertheless, over the long term the average rate of seepage above a sub-surface wa ter source is the upper bound for average consumption of water from that source. The natural input to sub-surface water is seepage from surface water. The natural outputs from sub-surface water are springs and seepage to the oceans. If the surface water source is also subject to substantial evaporation, a sub-surface water source may become saline. This situation can occur naturally under endorheic bodies of water, or artificially under irrigated farmland.In coastal areas, human use of a sub-surface water source may cause the direction of seepage to ocean to reverse which can also cause soil salinization. Humans can also cause sub-surface water to be â€Å"lost† (i. e. become unusable) through pollution. Humans can increase the input to a sub-surface water source by building reservoirs or detention ponds. [edit] Desalination Main article: Desalination Desalination is an artificial process by which saline water (generally sea water) is converted to fresh water. The most common desalination processes are distillation and reverse osmosis.Desalination is currently expensive compared to most alternative sources of water, and only a very small fraction of total human use is satisfied by desalination. It is only economically practical for high-valued uses (such as household and industrial uses) in arid areas. The most extensive use is in the Persian Gulf. [edit] Frozen water [pic] [pic] An iceberg as seen from Newfoundland Several schemes have been proposed to make use of icebergs as a water source, however to date this has only been done for novelty purposes. Glacier runoff is considered to be surface water.The Himalayas, which are often called â€Å"The Roof of the World†, contain some of the most extensive and rough high altitude areas on Earth as well as the greatest area of glaciers and permafrost outside of the poles. Ten of Asia’s largest rivers flow from there, and more than a billion people’s livelihoods depend on them. To complicate matters, temperatures are rising more rapidly here than the global average. In Nepal the temperature has risen with 0. 6 degree over the last decade, whereas the global warming has been around 0. 7 over the last hundred years. [5] edit] Uses of fresh water Uses of fresh water can be categorized as consumptive and non-consumptive (sometimes called â€Å"renewable†). A use of water is consumptive if that water is not immediately available for another use. Losses to sub-surface seepage and evaporation are considered consumptive, as is water incorporated into a product (such as farm produce). Water that can be treated and returned as surface water, such as sewage, is generally considered non-consumptive if that water can be put to additional use. [edit] Agricultural [pic] [pic] A farm in OntarioIt is estimated that 69% of worldwide water use is for irrigation, with 15-35% of irrigation withdrawals being unsustainable. [6] In some areas of the world irrigation is necessary to grow any crop at all, in other areas it permits more profitable crops to be grown or enhances crop yield. Various irrigation methods involve different trade-offs between crop yield, water consumption and capital cost of equipment and structures. Irrigation methods such as furrow and overhead sprinkler irrigation are usually less expensive but are also typically less efficient, because much of the water evaporates, runs off or drains below the root zone.Other irrigation methods considered to be more efficient include drip or trickle irrigation, surge irrigation, and some types of sprinkler systems where the sprinklers are operated near ground level. These types of systems, while more expensive, usually offer greater potential to minimize runoff, drainage and evaporation. Any system that is improperly managed can be wasteful, all methods have the potential for high efficiencies under suitable conditions, appropriate irrigation timing and management. One issue that is often insufficiently considered is salinization of sub-surface water.Aquaculture is a small but growing agricultural use of water. Freshwater commercial fisheries may also be considered as agricultural uses of water, but have generally been assigned a lower priority than irrigation (see Aral Sea and Pyramid Lake). As global populations grow, and as demand for food increases in a world with a fixed water supply, there are efforts underway to learn how to produce more food with less water, through improvements in irrigation[7] methods[8] and technologies, agricultural water management, crop types, and water monitoring. [edit] Industrial pic] [pic] A power plant in Poland It is estimated that 22% of worldwide water use is industrial. [6] Major industrial users include power plants, which use water for cooling or as a power source (i. e. hydroelectric plants), ore and oil refineries, which use water in chemical processes, and manufacturing plants, which use water as a solvent. The portion of industrial water usage that is consumptive varies widely, but as a whole is lower than agricultural use. Water is used in power generation. Hydroelectricity is electricity obtained from hydropower.Hydroelectric power comes from water driving a water turbine connected to a generator. Hydroelectricity is a low-cost, non-polluting, renewable energy source. The energy is supplied by the sun. Heat from the sun evaporates water, which condenses as rain in higher altitudes, from where it flows down. Pressurized water is used in water blasting and water jet cutters. Also, very high pressure water guns are used for precise cutting. It works very well, is relatively safe, and is not harmful to the environment. It is also used in the cooling of machinery to prevent over-heating, or prevent saw blades from over-heating.Water is also used in many industrial processes and machines, such as the steam turbine and heat exchanger, in addition to its use as a chemical solvent. Discharge of untreated water from industrial uses is pollution. Pollution includes discharged solutes (chemical pollution) and discharged coolant water (thermal pollution). Industry requires pure water for many applications and utilizes a variety of purification techniques both in water supply and discharge. [edit] Household [pic] [pic] Drinking water It is estimated that 8% of worldwide water use is for household purposes. 6] These include drinking water, bathing, cooking, sanitation, and gardening. Basic household water requirements have been estimated by Peter Gleick at around 50 liters per person per day, excluding water for gardens. Drinking water is water that is of sufficiently high quality so that it can be consumed or used without risk of immediate or long term harm. Such water is commonly called potable water. In most developed countries, the water supplied to households, commerce and industry is all of drinking water standard even though only a very small proportion is actually consumed or used in food preparation. edit] Recreation [pic] [pic] Whitewater rapids Recreational water use is usually a very small but growing percentage of total water use. Recreational water use is mostly tied to reservoirs. If a reservoir is kept fuller than it would otherwise be for recreation, then the water retained could be categorized as recreational usage. Release of water from a few reservoirs is also timed to enhance whitewater boating, which also could be considered a recreational usage. Other examples are anglers, water skiers, nature enthusiasts and swimmers. Recreational usage is usually non-consumptive.Golf courses are often targeted as using excessive amounts of water, especially in drier regions. It is, however, unclear whether recreational irrigation (which would include private gardens) has a noticeable effect on water resources. This is largely due to the unavailability of reliable data. Additionally, many golf courses utilize either primarily or exclusively treated effluent water, which has little impact on potable water availability. Some governments, including the Californian Government, have labelled golf course usage as agricultural in order to deflect environmentalists’ charges of wasting water.However, using the above figures as a basis, the actual statistical effect of this reassignment is close to zero. In Arizona, an organized lobby has been established in the form of the Golf Industry Association, a group focused on educating the public on how golf impacts the environment. Recreational usage may reduce the availability of water for other users at specific times and places. For example, water retained in a reservoir to allow boating in the late summer is not available to farmers during the spring planting season. Water released for whitewater rafting may not be available for hydroelectric generation during the time of peak electrical demand. [edit] Environmental Explicit environmental water use is also a very small but growing percentage of total water use. Environmental water usage includes artificial wetlands, artificial lakes intended to create wildlife habitat, fish ladders , and water releases from reservoirs timed to help fish spawn. Like recreational usage, environmental usage is non-consumptive but may reduce the availability of water for other users at specific times and places.For example, water release from a reservoir to help fish spawn may not be available to farms upstream. [edit] Water stress [pic] [pic] Best estimate of the share of people in developing countries with access to drinking water 1970–2000. Main articles: Water crisis and Water stress The concept of water stress is relatively simple: According to the World Business Council for Sustainable Development, it ap plies to situations where there is not enough water for all uses, whether agricultural, industrial or domestic. Defining thresholds for stress in terms of available water per capita is more complex, however, entailing assumptions about water use and its efficiency. Nevertheless, it has been proposed that when annual per capita renewable freshwater availability is less than 1,700 cubic meters, countries begin to experience periodic or regular water stress. Below 1,000 cubic meters, water scarcity begins to hamper economic development and human health and well-being. [edit] Population growth In 2000, the world population was 6. 2 billion. The UN estimates that by 2050 there will be an additional 3. billion people with most of the growth in developing countries that already suffer water stress. [9] Thus, water demand will increase unless there are corresponding increases in water conservation and recycling of this vital resource. [10] [edit] Expansion of business activity Business activity ranging from industrialization to services such as tourism and entertainment continues to expand rapidly. This expansion requires increased water services including both supply and sanitation, which can lead to more pressure on water resources and natural ecosystems. edit] Rapid urbanization The trend towards urbanization is accelerating. Small private wells and septic tanks that work well in low-density communities are not feasible within high-density urban areas. Urbanization requires significant investment in water infrastructure in order to deliver water to individuals and to process the concentrations of wastewater – both from individuals and from business. These polluted and contaminated waters must be treated or they pose unacceptable public health risks. In 60% of European cities with more than 100,000 people, groundwater is being used at a faster rate than it can be replenished. [11] Even if some water remains available, it costs more and more to capture it. [edit] Climate change Climate change could have significant impacts on water resources around the world because of the close connections between the climate and hydrological cycle. Rising temperatures will increase evaporation and lead to increases in precipitation, though there will be regional variations in rainfall. Overall, the global supply of freshwater will increase.Both droughts and floods may become more frequent in different regions at different times, and dramatic changes in snowfall and snow melt are expected in mountainous areas. Higher temperatures will also affect water quality in ways that are not well understood. Possible impacts include increased eutrophication. Climate change could also mean an increase in demand for farm irrigation, garden sprinklers, and perhaps even swimming pools [edit] Depletion of aquifers Due to the expanding human population, competition for water is growing such that many of the worlds major aquifers are becoming depleted.This is due both for direct human consumption as well as agricultural irrigation by groundwater. Millions of pumps of all sizes are currently extracting groundwater throughout the world. Irrigation in dry areas such as northern China and India is supplied by groundwater, and is being extracted at an unsustainable rate. Cities that have experienced aquifer drops between 10 to 50 meters include Mexico City, Bangkok, Manila, Beijing, Madras and Shanghai. [12] [edit] Pollution and water protection Main article: Water pollution [pic] [pic] Polluted waterWater pollution is one of the main concerns of the world today. The governments of numerous countries have strived to find solutions to reduce this problem. Many pollutants threaten water supplies, but the most widespread, especially in developing countries, is the discharge of raw sewage into natural waters; this method of sewage disposal is the most common method in underdeveloped countries, but also is prevalent in quasi-developed countries such as China, India and Iran. Sewage, sludge, garbage, and even toxic pollutants are all dumped into the water. Even if ewage is treated, problems still arise. Treated sewage forms sludge, which may be placed in landfills, spread out on land, incinerated or dumped at sea. [13] In addition to sewage, nonpoint source pollution such as agricultural runoff is a significant source of pollution in some parts of the world, along with urban stormwater runoff and chemical wastes dumped by industries and governments. [edit] Water and conflict The only known example of an actual inter-state conflict over water took place between 2500 and 2350 BC between the Sumerian states of Lagash and Umma. 14] Yet, despite the lack of evidence of international wars being fought over water alone, water has been the source of various conflicts throughout history. When water scarcity causes political tensions to arise, this is referred to as water stress. Water stress has led most often to conflicts at local and regional levels. [15] Using a purely quantitative methodology, Thomas Homer-Dixon successfully correlated water scarcity and scarcity of available arable lands to an increased chance of violent conflict. 16] Water stress can also exacerbate conflicts and political tensions which are not directly caused by water. Gradual reductions over time in the quality and/or quantity of fresh water can add to the instability of a region by depleting the health of a population, obstructing economic development, and exacerbating larger conflicts. [17] Conflicts and tensions over water are most likely to arise within national borders, in the downstream areas of distressed river basins. Areas such as the lower regions of China’s Yellow River or the Chao Phraya River in Thailand, for example, have already been experiencing water stress for several years. Additionally, certain arid countries which rely heavily on water for irrigation, such as China, India, Iran, and Pakistan, are particularly at risk of water-related conflicts. [17] Political tensions, civil protest, and violence may also occur in reaction to water privatization. The Bolivian Water Wars of 2000 are a case in point. [edit] World water supply and distributionFood and water are two basic human needs. However, global coverage figures from 2002 indicate that, of every 10 people: †¢ roughly 5 have a connection to a piped water supply at home (in their dwelling, plot or yard); †¢ 3 make use of some other sort of improved water supply, such as a protected well or public standpipe; †¢ 2 are unserved; †¢ In addition, 4 out of every 10 people live without improved sanitation. [6] At Ea rth Summit 2002 governments approved a Plan of Action to: †¢ Halve by 2015 the proportion of people unable to reach or afford safe drinking water. The Global Water Supply and Sanitation Assessment 2000 Report (GWSSAR) defines â€Å"Reasonable access† to water as at least 20 liters per person per day from a source within one kilometer of the user’s home. †¢ Halve the proportion of people without access to basic sanitation. The GWSSR defines â€Å"Basic sanitation† as private or shared but not public disposal systems that separate waste from human contact. As the picture shows, in 2025, water shortages will be more prevalent among poorer countries where resources are limited and population growth is rapid, such as the Middle East, Africa, and parts of Asia.By 2025, large urban and peri-urban areas will require new infrastructure to provide safe water and adequate sanitation. This suggests growing conflicts with agricultural water users, who currently consume the majority of the water used by humans. Generally speaking the more developed countries of North America, Europe and Russia will not see a serious threat to water supply by the year 2025, not only because of their relative wealth, but more importantly their populations will be better aligned with available water resources. North Africa, the Middle East, South Africa and northern China will face very severe water shortages due to physical scarcity and a condition of overpopulation relative to their carrying capacity with respect to water supply. Most of South America, Sub-Saharan Africa, Southern China and India will face water supply shortages by 2025; for these latter regions the causes of scarcity will be economic constraints to developing safe drinking water, as well as excessive population growth. 1. billion people have gained access to a safe water source since 1990. [18] The proportion of people in developing countries with access to safe water is calculated to have improved from 30 percent in 1970[19] to 71 percent in 1990, 79 percent in 2000 and 84 percent in 2004. This trend is projected to continue. [18] [edit] Economic considerations Water supply and sanitation require a huge amount of capital investment in infrastructure such as pipe networks, pumping stations and water treatment works. It is estimated that Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) nations need to invest at least USD 200 billion per year to replace aging water infrastructure to guarantee supply, reduce leakage rates and protect water quality. [20] International attention has focused upon the needs of the developing countries. To meet the Millennium Development Goals targets of halving the proportion of the population lacking access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation by 2015, current annual investment on the order of USD 10 to USD 15 billion would need to be roughly doubled.This does not include investments required for the maintenance of existing infrastructure. [21] Once infrastructure is in place, operating water supply and sanitation systems entails significant ongoing costs to cover personnel, energy, chemicals, maintenance and other expenses. The sources of money to meet these capital and operational costs are essentially either user fees, public funds or some combi nation of the two. But this is where the economics of water management start to become extremely complex as they intersect with social and broader economic policy. Such policy questions are beyond the scope of this article, which has concentrated on basic information about water availability and water use. They are, nevertheless, highly relevant to understanding how critical water issues will affect business and industry in terms of both risks and opportunities. [edit] Business response The World Business Council for Sustainable Development in its H2OScenarios engaged in a scenario building process to: †¢ Clarify and enhance understanding by business of the key issues and drivers of change related to water. Promote mutual understanding between the business community and non-business stakeholders on water management issues. †¢ Support effective business action as part of the solution to sustainable water management. It concludes that: †¢ Business cannot survive in a society that thirsts. †¢ One does not have to be in the water business to have a water crisis. How to cite Fresh Water, Papers

King Claudius Essays - Characters In Hamlet, Film, Literature

October 27, 2017 Prof. Campbell King Claudius, as you have read in William Shakespeare's play Hamlet, he has three traits put together. He is very intelligent, well spoken and outspoken; putting together he can become influencing and dangerous. It is mostly his conscience that makes him such a villain. Regardless of his rise to power, he calmly and careful ly planned and executed his work. Claudius demonstrated and shows how to persuade one's mind to do whatever he wants. He didn't expect certain things to arise throughout the play. In the play, Hamlet is introduced as a troubled man in deep depression. He was upset about the death of his beloved father and his mother's marriage to his uncle. In Act 1 Scene 2 Claudius gives Hamlet a speech to try and get him to stop bringing up his father, mainly fearing the more King Hamlet was talked about, or remembered, the more likely people were to look into his death. \"'Tis sweet and commendable in your nature, Hamlet, To give these mourning duties to your father: But, you must know, your father lost a father; That father lost, lost his, and the survivor bound.\"(1.2 2 01) It's understandable that he wanted Hamlet to move on quickly, but a parent's' death isn't going to settle well especially not knowing how they died. This speech seems carefully planned out, as if Claudius had written it out before he delivered it. Haml et had probably been lamenting his father's death for quite some time now, so Claudius had ample time to compose the speech. Hamlet puts on the play intended to catch Claudius in his guilt. He brings the question of time up to Ophelia beforehand, \"For loo k you how cheerfully my mother looks, and my father died within's two hours\"(3.2. 124-125). But Ophelia says, \"Nay, tis' twice two months, my lord\",(3.2.126). Hamlet has not realized it has been four months since his father has passed, he goes on to contin ue to express how he need to get over the death in the speech. Hamlet begins to understand the situation of his father and slowly heels, as he passes through the other stages. \"Observe my uncle. If his occulted guilt/do not itself unkennel in one speech, / it is a damned ghost that we have seen, /and my imaginations are as foul as Vulcan's stithy\" (3.2.85-89). This quote indicates that Hamlet accepts his father's death, as he still has the strong determination to find out if his uncle is the one to blame for his death. Furthermore, Claudius starts his discourse saying, \"'Tis sweet and honorable in your temperament, Hamlet, To give these grieving obligations to your dad\", however that he \"must know your dad lost a father, That father lost, lost his.\"(1.2.87-89 ) But he affronts Hamlet, including \"'Tis unmanly grief.\"(1.2.94) This is the opposite Claudius says to Laertes later in the play, where he says that he should act rapidly, \"Time qualifies the start and fire of it. There lives inside the very fire of adora tion. A sort of wick or snuff that will subside it\"(4.7.114-116). He would incline toward it is Laertes acted while his sentiments of scorn and retribution were still new, though it would be ideal if Hamlet be close-lipped regarding his dad as opposed to k eeping his memory new in everybody's brains. He at that point persuades Hamlet that his distress \"demonstrates a will most wrong to heaven.\"(1.2.95), implying that he ought to rather be upbeat for his dad, for he is currently in paradise. Yet, it isn't unt il the point that later that we discover that the phantom isn't in paradise by any stretch of the imagination, rather enduring in \"sulf'rous and tormenting flames\"(1.5.3). Subsequent to catching wind of his dad's murder Hamlet's bitterness rapidly transfor ms into outrage, and he plots the retribution that he feels his dad merits. While this discourse is given to Hamlet, it is for the advantage of Gertrude, who is instrumental in taking care of the passionate Hamlet. All things considered, it is she who pers uades Hamlet not to go Wittenberg, demonstrating how well Claudius can control individuals, even the ones he claims to love.

Essay on Palestinian Israeli Conflict

Essay on Palestinian Israeli Conflict Essay on Palestinian Israeli Conflict Munther Dajani Professor Larsen Writing 121 Nov. 8th, 2012 Palestinian-Israeli Conflict: Unit 2 â€Å"The conflict between Israelis and Palestinians is one of the most enduring and complex in the modern world and continues to entangle and engage the international community to this day.† (Milton-Edwards 2). It seems as though every super power and any international affairs controversies are constantly enveloped in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, as you know. Why is such an important matter, like this conflict, in politics around the world? Most people here in the U.S. believe that this is a conflict due to the Middle East’s constantly reoccurring conflicts and will usually side with the Israeli’s, due to their western support. It impacts much of the Middle East conflicts and politics, which seem to be extremely abundant in our news today. This conflict takes place in what is now known as the Palestinian territory and the state of Israel. Palestine, as it was once known and still called by the Arabs and Palestinians who refuse the acceptance of an Israeli state, is one of the holiest places on Earth, containing holy sites for all three of the major religions; Islam, Judaism, and Christianity. Genocide, occupation, terrorism, refugees, war crimes, and peace agreements are all topics that can surface when this topic is discussed. The relationship between the Israelis and Palestinians is a deep and complex one and cannot be simply explained or solved. The United States, Britain, France, and many nations in the Middle East all had major parts in the birth of the Israeli state. Following events that took place in Europe, such as the holocaust, colonialism, and world wars, aided in the development of a Jewish state, which was established not under the Jewish peoples, but through the British occupied Palestine, who essentially created the state of Israel with British foreign interests in mind. Obviously, this caused alarm for the Palestinian peoples and initiated the foundation for the present conflict. To me, I feel connected to this topic because I have personally been to Palestine and Israel and have seen the situation that it is today. I have relatives that live there and what I have seen has been alarming as to what I have learned about the situation. Decades of war and bloodshed bring us to the problematic situation of today, where peace negotiations still seem to be but imperfectly realized by both sides of the conflict. So then, why is peace so difficult to achieve and can the actions taken to create a Jewish state be justified? First, we start by exploring the complex historical background of the conflict before us. Palestine was its own state under control by the Muslim Ottoman Empire, which controlled much of the Middle East region. Why then, did this Jewish immigration begin and with the help of the British? In Beverly Milton-Edwards’, Professor in the School of Politics, International Studies and Philosophy at Queens University Belfast and author of Islamic Foun dationalism Since 1945 and Contemporary Politics in the Middle East, The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: A People's War, states that, â€Å"factors such as the spiritual attachment and renaissance in romantic Christian association with Zion and the Jewish people, led to a growing sympathy for the Zionist cause of a Jewish state.† (Milton-Edwards 3). Dr. Milton-Edwards may have bias with the Israeli position because of his background in England and Israel. His book seems legitimate since it was published and reviewed. Knowing that the British have history with the idea of supporting the Jewish state, it explains why they would help establish Israel for the Jewish people. But question is then, why would there be interest for the British to waste time and resources on helping out the Zionist idea? Well, Dr. Milton-Edwards also explains how by establishing this Jewish state in the Middle East, it would give the British a slice of control over the Middle East region

Credible Words

Credible Words Credible Words Credible Words By Maeve Maddox Latin credere means â€Å"to trust† Used with the dative, it means â€Å"to believe, to give credence to a person or thing.† Several English words come from this word. Credo with a capital refers to the Christian Apostles’ Creed or the Nicene Creed. Lowercase credo means any statement of the aims or principles which guide a person’s conduct. Creed is used more often than credo for this declaration of guiding principles. For example, â€Å"The Declaration of Independence contains the clearest, most concise, and most eloquent articulation of the American creed.† The noun credit came into English from Middle French with the meaning â€Å"belief, faith, trust.† It came to be associated with money lent or borrowed with an agreement for repayment. A customer’s â€Å"credit† is the confidence a lender has in the customer’s ability to repay. Credit is also used as a verb in the general sense of accepting something as true or truthful. For example, â€Å"He found it hard to credit his own eyes; the lion was lying down beside the lamb.† Schools are â€Å"accredited† by outside regulating boards. They have received credentials stating that they can be trusted to meet certain standards. Article IV, Section 1 of the United States Constitution is known as the Full Faith and Credit Clause: Full faith and credit shall be given in each state to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state. And the Congress may by general laws prescribe the manner in which such acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. The adjective credulous came into the language with the specific meaning â€Å"believing in God.† The negative incredulous meant â€Å"not believing in God.† The meaning shifted as time went on. Shakespeare used credulous in the sense of credible, but modern usage assigns distinct meaning to the two words. Credulous has the connotation of being too ready to believe. It’s a synonym for gullible. For example, confidence tricksters prey upon credulous people who are quick to believe in get-rich-quick schemes. Credible means â€Å"able to be believed.† A credible witness is one who can be trusted to speak the truth. The negative forms, incredible and incredulous, are sometimes confused. For example, here’s a headline from a site selling a sweatshirt that bears a message about not touching the wearer: incredulous dont [sic] touch me pullover sweatshirt Like awesome, incredible is often used as a throwaway word to convey enthusiasm. Sweatshirts are incredible. Singers are incredible. Movies are incredible. Generally speaking, incredible usually applies to things that are hard to believe, while credulous describes people who believe things too easily. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Meaning of "To a T"Excited ABOUT, not "for" Narrative, Plot, and Story

Analysis of the Film Star Trek Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analysis of the Film Star Trek - Essay Example Technology has played a big role in shaping global politics and global powers, which in turn affects the global economy. It is evident that technological advancements in a country determine its international economic influence. For instance, the US holds its current position in global politics and economy due to its state of technology. Other nations such as China and India have invested a lot in technology to gain international recognition. The film also illustrates the key sectors that countries invest their technology. The first area of interest is communication. Unlike past technology, modern communication devices have numerous capabilities and therefore numerous implications for the governance of a country. The film indicates the greater development of technology and therefore greater impacts on governance. Since the time of the scientific revolution, the government has played a great role in the development of science and technology (Asherman 134). For instance, the most sophis ticated technology is applied to the production of military types of equipment. In addition, the current mobile technology was applied by the military before communication devices for civilians were made. This indicates the influence that political governments have on science and technology. Space science the other aspects of technology that is of interest to the global leaders. Different world powers have a keen interest in space technology at their own capacity. America was the first country to conduct successful space explorations with the 1960 s landing on the moon been their climax in space exploration. This made Russia initiate its own space exploration programs aimed at countering the efforts of the US. Their 1970 s landing on the moon came as a surprise attack to the US. Tensions and rivalry between the US and Russia heightened during the cold war and each of these powers used its space exploration programs to demonstrate its military capabilities. Since the end of the cold war, space exploration has not received much progress and enthusiasm. This is a contradiction since missions conducted in the 1960 s and 70s did not involve the state of the art technology that is available in the modern world (Asherman 34). This indicates that political systems in the world are critical to such discoveries. Recently the Chinese and Indians have shown their interests in continuing the works initiated by Americans and Russians. China and India have launched their own satellites into space and they intend to send astronauts to the moon. The progress has been made by China and India indicates the shift of political and economic power from the west to the east. Although the film depicts the capabilities that technology has over governance, it also shows the negative aspect of technology on governance. The film demonstrates incidences of attacks on communication systems. Cyber attacks are the next battlefield in the modern world. Incidents of cyber attacks have been repo rted in various countries. This shows the role that technology plays in shaping global politics. Iran has reported cyber attacks on computers that operate its controversial nuclear facilities. According to BBC news agencies, the cyber attacks that were carried out on Iranian nuclear facility have the capabilities of slowing Iran’s nuclear ambitions for a period of five years.  Ã‚  

Analysis of Family Conflict Case from a Legal Pointview Study

Analysis of Family Conflict from a Legal Pointview - Case Study Example The fact that the defendant is not associated with Caroline in any way is immaterial, from the point of view of her request for the Court's protection, although it has been seen that the law has a distinctly favourable disposition towards married couples in such instances of grant of injunctions orders since a greater degree of clarity is available in such relationships as compared with lesbianism, homosexuality or  other forms of cohabitation among consenting people. These actions of Gary cannot be termed as physical violence or even threats of violence, but, nevertheless it does constitute molestation, even in the absence of violent acts, or deemed violent actions. In Johnson -v- Walton (1990) FLR 568, the Court ruled that "any conduct which could properly be regarded as such a degree of harassment, as to cause for the intervention of the Court " could be termed as acts of harassment. In this case, soon as the relationship between Miss W and Mr J ended, pictures of Miss W in a semi-nude state appeared in the press. According to Miss. W, she was neither aware of or had agreed to such an act. Nobody, except Mr J, on the basis of their past liaison, could have gained access to commit such an act. (The Family Law Act 1996. 2006). Again,  Vaughan -v- Vaughan (1973) 3 All ER 449. In the decided case of Vaughan v Vaughan, (1973) 3 All ER 449, the ex-husband used to constantly pester his ex-wife, through calls and visits at her residence and place of work. This created a fear psychosis in the mind of the ex-wife and undermined her health. It was held, that although threats or actual physical violence was absent, the ex-husband's conduct constituted molestation and invoked the Court's intervention. (The Family Law Act 1996. 2006).

Premarital Sex And Promiscuity

Premarital Sex And Promiscuity This essay will be discussing the topic of promiscuity and premarital sex from both Ellistons and Punzos theories. According to Punzo on Premarital sex, it is for two people to have engaged in a sexual contact/intercourse without having the full commitment but on the other hand, promiscuity according to Elliston it is to have sex with many different people without having any commitment. When comparing both, Punzo is seen as the conservative while Elliston is seen as supporting casual sex. Punzos theory is when two people are together having sex they both must be engaged in a deep commitment between the two people. On the other hand, Elliston is arguing that sexual intercourse doesnt require any thoughts or strong consideration with any commitments since it is not that big of a deal. According to Elliston promiscuity is seen as free love, where you can just meet someone and starting to fall in love with them. With this definition, it might be easier for some to understand it, as having freedom. It can also be recognized as having recreational sex, having sex just for fun. When the word fun comes with anything, it will be seen as attractive and easy going. Elliston has created a definition himself that better defined promiscuity. Promiscuity is defined as sex with a series of other adults not directly related through marriage and with no commitments; no promises of affection, sexual exclusivity in future (Elliston 144). Elliston also stated that for those who just want to get others in bed to have sex by lying, exploiting, and deceiving or something close to it are wrong. It is seen as wrong because it breaches the ethical principles that we all learned as a child, which is not to lie. When someone is lying about everything just because they are trying to get someone in bed to have sex with them, it is seen as very unethical. Promiscuity is seen as to the advantage of males and to the disadvantage of females because it is true that males do not have anything to lose while females will lose their virginity and at times their love. It has become exploitive; woman would get social blame but man would get sexual satisfaction. Promiscuity is not actually wrong but it is the double standard that is in places where woman is at a disadvantage in comparison to man. Promiscuity can not be defined as wrong all the time; the charges that it necessarily violates generally accepted a moral principle is false. (El liston 146). Elliston is saying that the double standard that should be remove but not the promiscuity, since it is always seen as a disadvantage for woman. The female involved might not feel the same as to being cheated or being used for the man to have their sexual satisfaction but it might be the woman who is using the man to satisfy herself. Sex is just a body language in the form of body interaction between the two people that are willing to interact and it leads to pleasure. It also has a deep meaning behind it. According o Elliston, sex is more than thrusts and moans, caresses and sighsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦just as verbal language has a dimension of meaning beyond phonemes and morphemes, so body language has a significance beyond the intertwining of two bodiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Promiscuity has instrumental value in that it can facilitate the mastery of one kind of body languageà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦sexual body language is learned through sexual interactionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦experiences enable an individual to develop a repertoire of gestures for communicating desire and affection and of decisive movements that clearly state intentions of love or amusement. People can be moved not only by the things we say but also by the things we do-with them, for them, or to themà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦desire and satisfaction can be communicated not only through verbal exchanges, but also through a lingering look and an appreciative caress. To a shattered ego a physical embrace may express far more reassurance than its verbal counterparts, and a kiss may convey desire more eloquently than pleas or poemsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦The observance of this etiquette is an acknowledgement of the selfhood of the other. The acquisition of it is one of the opportunities promiscuity provides(Elliston 149). Based on this quote, Elliston is saying sex is a part of body language and the more you practice it the better you will get. The skills that you get from promiscuity will wider range of people outside of marriage or committed-relationships. Usually a married couple would be seen as only one man is allow to have dinner with one woman, which is referring to only having sex with the partner and that is it, third party is not acceptable (traditionally). Elliston sees having sex with one person at first before you decide to love that person or not. Pretty much he i s saying having sex first will be a pre-stage of trying out whether the persons sexual skill or chemistry from sexual intercourse will help you decide to love this person or not. Therefore Elliston is arguing that promiscuity should be allow and should not be seen as wrong because it is something for the two to try out and see if the chemistry is there. In Punzos view, sex before marriage or even having sex with no commitment is seen as wrong. Punzo has answered the question of is having pre-martial sex without any commitment wrong, with using Wilsons theory of sexual intercourse to compare it with playing tennis and Chessers theory of two people going to see movies together. Both Wilson and Chesser see it normal and there is nothing morally wrong about having pre-marital sex. At the same time, Punzo has disagreed with both of them stating that going to the movies or playing tennis with many people are just some general activities which anyone can encounter, but it does not necessary have to be the one you would have sex with, or have any sexual interest with. In Punzos view, sexual intercourse must be between two committed people, so having sex without any sort of commitment is wrong. Punzo states that commitment is a must before sex, as one must agree to commit to a relationship before they can move on to a new level in their rela tionship, through having sex, the two gives themselves to each other in the way of trust, expressing ones mind, and feelings through the most intimate activity, sexual intercourse. Punzo see Ellistons argument between sex and dinning is a wrong example because dinning and sex are two different things, it is in an extreme that it has nothing to do with each other, dinning and sex has no connection at all. Dinning can be with any friends, or family members, and it does not involve any sexual contacts. Yes, dining can be with your spouse, partner but it can also be with someone else. Both eating and sex do give people satisfaction, but they are totally different from each other. Food is a need for people to survive but people can live with out sex. Ellistons theory is to have sexual intercourse with as many people as you can before falling in love, but Punzos theory is to be in love or have the necessary commitment before having sexual intercourse. The moral perspectives of both are totally different from each other. This is why Punzo would not agree with Elliston and vice versa. Ellistons argument has a defect to it, it is having sex with a number of people does not only increase the skills of ones sexual ability, but it also limits the important value of having the most intimate relationship with the other through sexual intercourse. I believe we all know that having sex with the one we love is the most loving and special feeling of being complete as a whole. If one is engaged in a sexual activity with many other people and then stated that the one is now in love with their partner is not a rational theory, but it is also very confusing and unreasonable that promiscuity does not damage a committed relationship. Having sex without any commitment, and isolate oneself with uncommitted sex is a view that may not be true. They can have sex without any commitment but they might realize more about themselves. It doesnt mean they are isolating themselves just because they do not involve in a committed relationship. Punzos full commitment does not have a clear defin ition, does it mean to be in a legal marriage with legal documents, and so if the two are just common-law couple then does that mean they are not legal? Punzo should have clear that term and have a better explanation of it. With the mutual understanding and respects towards each other with pre-martial sex, it is not going to affect the two negatively. It would not be harm if pre-martial sex will lead the two into commitment and onto future commitment, it would become a good thing. If pre-martial sex is happening then protection is needed to prevent any unexpected or unwanted pregnancy. In conclusion, both Punzo and Elliston has their pros and cons. Premarital sex should follow Punzos theory of sex, and they must involve commitment, but not with full commitment. Punzo did not clarify what full commitment means, if it meant at the stage of being legally married, then those who are only engaged or soon to be marry couples should not be having any sexual interactions. Also promiscuity must be permitted only if no one is being hurt and lie to as a result of promiscuity. It is true that Ellistons argument of double standard needs to be remove because it is only seen as woman being the one that are at a disadvantage, but sometimes it is not the case, woman would be out to lie to man just to get money or any material that need from the man. Therefore double standard should be remove but not promiscuity. Also promiscuity is a good way to practice ones sexual skills and ability in the bed, it is true to the term practice makes prefect, it would suit this practice of promiscu ity closely.

Chartes Cathedral 1

Entering Chartres Cathedral Through the Central Portal In the town of Chartres about 50 miles southwest of Paris, is where the Chartres Cathedral is located and can be seen for miles as it is the tallest structure and was built on the highest point of the town. Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Chartres is its formal name but since the majority of the French Cathedrals were dedicated to the Virgin Mary, to avoid confusion the cathedrals are referred to the town to which they belong. The Chartres Cathedral has portals on the northern, southern, and western sides of the building.Each of the Portals has three enormous doors that are surrounded by sculptures depicting scenes from the life of Jesus and Mary as well as a Colossal Rose Window, which is above the doors. The Western Portal also called the Royal Portal is the oldest part of the church and mostly built in the Romanesque Style that was a precursor of Gothic. After a fire in The southern transept portals’ sculptures are of the New Testament and depict scenes from the Last Judgment while the Rose Window is a stain glass masterpiece of The Glorification of Christ.As you approach the central door, you are greeted by a statue of Jesus holding a book in one hand and appearing to be giving a blessing with his other, as his Disciples flank him on both sides of the jamb. The statue of Jesus is on the trumeau which is a column supporting a tympanum of a doorway at its center. Once through the door you are in the southern transept. This section of the cathedral is an arm of the Latin Cross that is the floor plan of all cathedrals. Just ahead is the Crossing, to your left is a side aisle of the nave, and to your right are the double aisles that lead to the area that is the back area of the Apse.The Apse is a rounded end (semi-circle) of a cathedral, church, or building that demonstrates its importance. Chartres Cathedral was constructed with double aisles to accommodate the large number of pilgrims who visited daily and who would pray in the Chapels. The back part of the Apse houses the Choir Screen, Choir Aisle (the first aisle), the Ambulatory (the second aisle), and seven Radiating Chapels. As you journeying towards the Apse, the next section that you will traverse is called the Crossing. This area is the center of the Latin Cross in the floor plan.There are four massive columns that are as big as the North American Red Woods that mark the four corners. These columns were carved to appear to be a cluster of many smaller columns to give the appearance of being lighter in mass that they really are. As your eye follows the columns up you notice the Triforium an area of arches that form a gallery or an arcade, and the Clerestory the section that has the most stain glass windows to allow daylight into the interior. These areas form the upper two levels of the Nave in the Cathedral.As your gaze continues upward you then began to notice the rib vaults that form the ceiling. As your eyes follow the rib s downward you notice the Piers that seem to sprout out of the columns that support the upper levels as well as the roof. Turning toward the right you are now facing the Choir this is the area that leads to the Apse. You have arrived. The Apse is cordon off by a low wrought iron prayer fence. This area is elevated by a series of wide steps that allow seating for the Leaders of the Cathedral, Alter, candles and other items used during Mass.There are 15 stain glass windows on the Clerestory level and approximately 60 on the Triforium level creating a Bay that illuminates the Apse. A Comparison of Giotto’s Arena Chapel Nativity with that of Pisano in the Pisa Baptistery Pulpit Giovanni Pisano (1250 – 1315) and Giotto di Bondone (1266 – 1337) were contemporaries who are credited as geniuses of the Italian Renaissance because they both produced works that were correctly created from the natural world. The natural stances, proportions, and folds of the material are ev ident in each of their works.Gone are the elongated bodies and stylized pleats and patterns of the Byzantine style, which preceded the Renaissance Giovanni was an Italian sculpture, painter, and architect who received his training from his famous father Nicola Pisano. Giovanni worked as his father’s apprentice up until his death (1284) this is when his sculptures began to have a more natural appearance. It is believed that Giotto was discovered by the Florentine Cimabue painter discovered Giotto drawing pictures of his sheep on a rock. They were so lifelike that Cimabue asked his father if he could take the boy as an apprentice.Giotto was a painter, sculpture, and architecture, who is considered the first of the Italian Renaissance. Although Giovanni and Giotto worked in different mediums, the breadths of their works are of traditional religious subject. Giovanni’s Pisano Pisa Baptistery Pulpit is hexagonal functional sculpture carved from marble that is divided into t hree sections. The lower register has lions and other figures, with the lions depicted as vanquishing prey – a Romanesque symbol for Christianity triumphing over paganism.The middle level depicts personified Virtues and Prophets, and the upper, has reliefs depicting events in the life of Christ. Giotto’s Nativity scene is one of 53 Frescos painted for the Arena Chapel that displays a host of Angels, shepherds, animals, Joseph asleep in the foreground, while a relaxing Mary and the Midwife place a swaddled infant Jesus into the manger. There is a similar scene in high relief of a reclining Mary and swaddled Jesus on one of the upper panels of the Baptistery Pulpit. It took Giovanni about 8 years to complete the pulpit while it took Giotto 5 years for the whole Chapel.Although one may think that a painting is easier that a sculpture, the technique for creating a fresco is time consuming due to the need of only applying the wet plaster to the area of the wall to be painte d in small patches. All the while temperature and atmospheric conditions could alter the paint as well as the drying time. Any areas that had a mistake would have to be cut out and the process would begin anew. The Baptistery Pulpit and the Nativity scene are both in some state of disrepair but to attempt to rectify this may further damage and take away from these great mater pieces.Another notable similarity between the two pieces is the use of the chiaroscuro technique. This is the use of deep variations in and subtle gradations of light and shade, especially to enhance the delineation of character and for general dramatic effect. A few places in the Nativity scene Giotto used were to create the folds in the clothing and the crags seen on the mountains of the background. Giovanni was able to show this technique through the deep carvings, which cast shadows creating the light and dark areas.Both pieces are filled with symbolism such as the personification of Fortitude on the middle level of the pulpit as Hercules and the painted ass that represents the unenlightened and the ignorant for it’s failure to recognize the significance of the moment. Both works were commissioned not only to beautify their surroundings, but also to inspire and to educate through an emotional experience by viewing the realistic scenes. References http://images. library. pitt. edu/cgi-bin/i/image http://www. mcah. columbia. edu/ha/panos/Chartres/nave/ http://www. medievalart. org. k/Chartres/Chartres_default. htm http://upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Basilique_Saint-Denis_01. jpg http://www. mcah. columbia. edu/ha/html/medieval_chartres_ntransept. htm http://classics. uc. edu/~johnson/hum98/chartres-intext. asp http://teach2thrill. blogspot. com/2011/12/chartres-cathedral. html http://www. mcah. columbia. edu/ha/panos/Chartres/crossing/ http://www. sacred-destinations. com/france/chartres-cathedral http://www. medart. pitt. edu/image/France/Chartres/Chartres-Cathe dral/Windows/Transept-windows/122A-South-Rose/Chartres-122SouthRose.HTM http://www. GreatBuildings. com/cgi-bin/gbi. cgi/Chartres_Cathedral. html/cid_aj2831_b. html http://www. mcah. columbia. edu/ha/html/medieval_chartres_ambulatory. htm http://www. medart. pitt. edu/image/France/Chartres/Chartres-Cathedral/Architecture/Interior/Main-Level/Main-Int-Frame. html http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Giovanni_Pisano http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Nicola_Pisano http://www. ibiblio. org/wm/paint/auth/giotto/ http://www. wga. hu/frames-e. html? /html/g/giotto/padova/index. html http://www. bluffton. edu/~sullivanm/italy/pisa/baptistrypulpit/pulpit. html

Civil Wars in Western Africa Nigeria, Sierra Leone

Since the establishment of states and republics, there has always been conflict between groups inhabiting said states, which is a layman’s definition of civil war. The scholarly definition of a Civil war is a war between organized groups within a state. Since the end of WWII, there has been a total of 122 Civil wars ranging from the Greek Civil war in 1946 to the Syrian civil war that is happening as of today. A civil war is not an entity seen only in the underdeveloped countries of the world, and superpowers like the United States and Russia have experienced civil wars in their past. Due to the fact that conflicts do happen in states, there are some criteria’s a conflict in a state has to meet to be considered a civil war. According to Peacekeeping and the peace kept by Professor Page Fortna, she states that for a conflict to be considered a civil war, it must have â€Å"a) caused more than 1,000 battle deaths, b) the war represented a challenge to the sovereignty of an internationally recognized state, c) the war occurred within the recognized boundary of that state, d) the war involved the state as one of the principal combatants, e) the rebels were able to mount an organized military opposition to the state and to inflict significant casualties on the state.† (Fortna). In addition, since the end of WWII, civil wars have lasted on average over four years and can bring tremendous economic collapse as seen in Somalia, Uganda, Angola, and more currently Syria. 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